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The
Lancia was the most important Italian armoured car of the First
World War - it was built in some numbers and used against the
Austrian and later German forces on the front on the north-east
borders of Italy. Some were captured by the Germans and used to
equip some armoured car units of their own, and Lancia armoured cars
were used to train and equip American troops in Italy.
The
basis of these cars was the Lancia 1Z 25/35-h.p. light truck chassis
with pneumatic tyres, dual at the rear. The construction of the
armoured cars was undertaken by the Ansaldo engineering firm, of
Turin, and the vehicles were, in fact, sometimes known as Ansaldos
or Ansaldo Armoured Cars.
The
layout of the design was fairly conventional, the only really
unusual feature being the small turret (with one Saint Etienne
water-cooled machine-gun) superimposed on the larger turret equipped
with another two Saint Etienne machine-guns of the same type. The ground clearance of the
Lancia armoured car was particularly good for a car of the period.
A
feature also used in other Italian armoured cars was the rails,
incorporating wire cutters at the tip of the rails, to enable the vehicle to pass through
wire obstacles stretched across roads. The Lancia armoured car had a
roomy hull (of chrome-nickel steel) and this was needed to accommodate
the large crew consisting of the car commander, driver, three
gunners and a mechanic.
The
car weighed about 3950 kg. loaded including 25.000 rounds of
ammunition. The engine of about
60
b.h.p. (35 h.p. nominal) gave a maximum speed of
70
km/h and the car had a circuit of action of about
500
kms. It had a crew of 6
men. The length was 5.240m, the width 1.9m, the height 2.89m, and
the wheel base 3.570m.
The
1Zm model of the Lancia
1Z
armoured car was almost identical in appearance to the first type
except that the small turret was eliminated and the third
machine-gun was mounted instead in the back of the hull, facing
rearwards. Lancia 1Z & 1Zm armoured cars were long in service and some
were still in use by the Italian Army in East Africa in the Second
World War. They were also used in the Spanish Civil War.
For more info on
the Lancia 1Zm,
click here!

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