British Tank Markings during WW1

This is not a sample of expert knowledge, just some simple notes on the markings of British Tanks during WW1, in order to aid the modeller trying to build representative small scale replicas of the real thing. (Corrections are more than welcome! And this document will be updated whenever I receive new info.) These markings differed from year to year, and from vehicle type to vehicle type. NOTE: not all used nick names, not all used call signs, not all used national markings. However, the following simple rules can be deduced:

1. NICKNAMES
In units equipped with standard Battle Tanks (MK I-V) the nickname was directly related to the unit. For example: all B-Batallions or B Companies used nicknames starting on "B". Tank C21 Curmodgeon destroyed near Bonavis, during the Cambrai battle in 1917(At Flers the individual names followed given themes, like names of spirits etc - see table below. Later the individual names were often given by the commander of the tank, which led to large variations. The connotations were various: some favoured names out of Greek mythology, other Scottish names, many used puns etc.) This was not the rule when it came to units equipped with "Whippets" or Gun Carriers. The only thing that can be said is that Gun Carriers often used names of towns as nick names, and that Whippets were named very freely. On the Mk I-V the nickname was usually put either on the front directly beneath the drivers compartment, or high up on the front sides. (In some rare cases, the nick name was also painted at the back of the tank.) The nickname was for the most time painted in white or possibly yellow, sometimes with a red border. The style varied a lot. On "Whippets" the nickname was in general placed on the front, or sometimes on the sides of the fighting compartment. On supply tanks the word "SUPPLY" was also painted in large letters on their sides. On tanks with Wire Cutting equipment - i.e. wire grapnels - had the letters "WC" painted on the back fuel tank - probably red on white.

2. CALL SIGNS
Call signs - or as it is also known: Crew Numbers - were also directly related to the unit. For example: in 1916 all A-Companies used call signs starting on "C" and following in direct sequence from 1 onwards, Tank C51 Chaperon, also destroyed during the Cambrai Battles in 1917in increments of 20, a company having 20 tanks. In January 1917, when all these individual companies were expanded and replaced by batallions, the 1st batallion named "A", the 2nd "B" etc. Now the "A" Batallions 1:st Coy had tanks numbered A1 to A20, 2nd Coy A21-A40, 3rd Coy A41-A60 etc. The Call Sign was kept as long as that tank was with that unit, but like Nicknames, they were transferable. Units and crews never had their tanks on a permanent basis. At the end of a major action the tanks were handed in, and later they were given new vehicles, and the old Nicknames and Call Signs were then used on them. (This is the explanation for Nicknames like, say "War Baby II"; it does not necessarily mean that the original "War Baby" was destroyed.) On the Mk I-V the call sign was in general placed high up on the front sides and often on the back fuel tank, at times together with the section number, and at times on a white background and in a contrasting colour - red? Sometimes the Call Sign was also painted on the top of drivers compartment. On "Whippets" the call sign did not follow that strict logic, and could instead be just one digit (say, "9") or just one letter (say, "P") or even both. (And the one letter call sign could totally unrelated to the company or batallion, and instead be the initial of the tank commander.) The size and style of the call sign varied a lot. Sometimes a small dot was placed between the letter and the number (e.g. "C.51"). On the Mk I-II:s the call sign was quite small. On the Mk IV and onwards the call sign grew larger and larger. In general the call signs were painted white - sometimes edged in an another colour - probably red - but it seems that yellow also was used at times.

3. TRAINING NUMBERS  
Tanks used for training purposes obviously never received any Call Signs. Instead they were often given large, white three-digit numbers, painted on the sides, and sometimes on the back and/or front. As a rule, a tank with this type of three-digit number is either a training tank or a tank used for experiments of different kinds.

4. SERIALS  
While the call signs had tactical use, the serials had not. Instead they were a number given by the manufacturer, issued when the tank was built, and used to identify the tank when it came to administration, overhaul etc. (It was not only painted on the tank. It was also found on embossed plates inside the tank.) They differed between different types of tanks: serials for MK I:s had three digits, serials for Mk IV-V had four. Serials for "Whippets" were three digits always preceded by a "A", etc. The serials were painted on the rear side portion of the Mk I-V, the "Whippets" they were on the sides of the fighting compartment and - in small letters - on the back of the same; sometimes the serial also could be found on the front, but that seems to have been rather unusual. The colour seems in general to have been white, but other colours were sometimes used. (For example, some Gun Carriers used serials in what appears to be red.)

5. NATIONAL MARKINGS  
National markings came in use on British tanks in June 1918, as a direct order from GHQ, and constituted of three stripes of white-red-white on the utmost forward portion of the tracks. Tank H52 near Hamel, July 4th 1918(The reason for using these colours, is that they were those of the Cavalry Corps. It can also be mentioned that these were not the first national markings on British AFV:s: Lanchester Armoured Cars employed in Russia sported roundels.) From late summer the top of the drivers compartment often also had these stripes painted on them, in order to make the tanks more easily identifiable from the air - a necessity in the later stages of the war, when the germans used quite a lot of capured Mk IV:s in combat. On the Mk V & Mk V* the back of the cupola was also marked this way on some vehicles. On "Whippets" this national markings was often used on the front of the vehicle: part of it or whole. There are also examples of "Whippets" carrying ID bands on the engine compartment covers.

6. OTHER MARKINGS
A. Playing Cards.
Some units, e.g. the 6th and 12th Batallions, had playing cards painted on their tanks, on the sides and sometimes on the back of the tanks. It appears not to have been used in the highly formalized system pioneered by the french, but simply as a sort of unit symbol.
B. Eyes.
Tanks of "F" Batallion - and maybe also other units - sported paintings of eyes at the front side of the tank. Allegedly they were put there after some Chinese labourer asked the question "How can the tanks see without eyes?" Another version puts it as a result of a tank being donated by Chinese businessmen in Malay. Anyhow, the joke caught on, and it later became sort of a unofficial symbol of the Royal Tank Regiment.
C. Slits.
Roughly sometimes around the summer of 1917 some units started to paint extra "vision slits" in black paint on their tanks, sometimes only extending the existing ones, all to confuse enemy gunners, who often aimed at these vulnerable spots.
D. Personal
markings. As always the people in the tanks sometimes put their own personal markings on them. Among others you can find caricatures of German soldiers, skulls, maple leafs, small flags, even pin-up-girls, Great War-style of course. For this you just have to check photographs of actual vehicles.
E. Other.
At Cambrai at least one tank was marked on the sides with a roughly painted "Z", about 40 cm:s high. The meaning of this is unknown.


In this table examples of authentic British tank markings can be found.

Type

Nickname

Call Sign

Serial

Unit & Theatre of Operations

Gun Carrier

Darlington

-

CC131

?

Mk I Female

Cognac

C2

522

C Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Chablis

C4

503

C Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Cordon Rogue

C6

504

C Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Dolphin

D5

540

D Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Dolly

D9

546

D Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Die Hard

D11

547

D Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Delilah

D13

548

D Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Dracula

D16

538

D Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Female

Delilah

D13

548

D Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Male

Champagne

C1

721

C Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Male

Chartreuse

C3

701

C Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Male

Creme de Menthe

C5

721

C Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Male

Clan Leslie

C19

705

C Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk I Male

Dinnaken

D17

759

D Coy, Battle of Flers, September 15 1916

Mk II Male

Charlie Chaplin

C24

777

C Bat., Battle of Arras, April 1917

Mk IV Female

Ajax

A6

2676

A Bat., 1st Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Anne II

A32

2850

A Bat., 2nd Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Bedouin

B21

2864

B Bat., 5th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Bogey II

B35

4589

B Bat., 5th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Cynic

C22

2731

C Bat., 8th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Cleopatra

C49

2503

C Bat., 9th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Faun

F42

2721

F Bat., 18th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Fiara

F48

2736

F Bat., 18th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Female

Fortuna

F51

2547

F Bat., 18th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

A-Marry-Can

A3

2773

A Bat., 1st Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Arabia

A7

2014

A Bat., 1st Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Allah

A13

8088

A Bat., 1st Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Arethusa

A25

2025

A Bat., 2nd Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Ace II

A33

8073

A Bat., 2nd Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Bandit II

B23

8040

B Bat., 5th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Buccaneer

B22

2037

B Bat., 5th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Blackleg

B25

2679

B Bat., 5th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

China

C5

4007

C Bat., 7th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Challenger

C46

2049

C Bat., 9th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Caesar

C48

2048

C Bat., 9th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Fray Bentos II

F41

8019

F Bat., 18th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk IV Male

Fiducia II

F45

2366

F Bat., 18th Coy, Battle of Cambrai, November 1917

Mk V Female

-

P13

9025

Germany 1919

Mk V Male

-

B4

9004

2nd Bat., Battle of Albert, August 24 1918

Mk V Male

-

H41

9199

8th Bat., 5th Brigade, Battle of Amiens, 1918

Whippet

Julian’s Baby

-

A217

Western Front 1918

Whippet

?

P

A277

X Coy, Villers-Brettoneux, April 1918

Whippet

Gofasta

-

A230

17th Bat. Dublin, June 1919

Whippet

Golikell

-

A378

17th Bat. Dublin, June 1919

Whippet

Fanny Adams

-

A351

17th Bat. Dublin, June 1919

Whippet

Fanny’s Sister

-

A289

17th Bat. Dublin, June 1919


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